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The green IT leaders of 2009

2009-10-16T11:13:00.000-07:00

The green IT leaders of 2009
2009 Green 15: These organizations of all sizes reap both business and environmental gains through an array of sustainable IT efforts
By Ted Samson | InfoWorld

Green-technology projects flourished at organizations of all sizes in 2008, a trend that, at first blush, might seem counterintuitive. Given the economic hardships companies are facing, you might expect that projects seemingly tied to feel-good corporate social responsibility endeavors would take a backseat to initiatives aimed at bolstering the bottom line.

However, as this year's crop of Green 15 award winners demonstrates, the rewards of green-technology projects are far from limited to noble goals such as cutting greenhouse gas emissions, reducing landfill buildup, preserving trees, and the like. Rather, organizations leveraging green tech are realizing gains in efficiency, productivity, and cost savings. These business benefits are key drivers behind many green IT projects -- sometimes overriding good environmental intentions.

[ See last year's list of Green 15 winners. | Keep abreast of green IT news and tips by subscribing to InfoWorld's free weekly Green Tech newsletter. ]

That's no reason to discount the environmental merits of any of the projects that appear in the 2009 Green 15 winners' list or any of the other countless green-tech initiatives being pursued by companies across the globe. Whatever the rationale for a green IT project, one fact is clear. The outcome of a green-tech project is generally win-win: a healthier planet and a healthier bottom line.

This year's winners are, in alphabetical order:

■Aramark cuts print waste with better devices, software
■Burt's Bees undergoes green IT makeover
■California Academy of Sciences reaps efficiencies through network convergence
■California State University East Bay turns to green tech to fend off power crisis
■Con-way Freight slashes annual fuel consumption by 4.9 million gallons
■Digital Realty Trust sets new standard for green datacenter design
■GlaxoSmithKline sheds nearly 6 tons of e-waste
■HD Supply achieves ecodreams through array of green-tech initiatives
■Intel finds significant savings by pushing the limits of free cooling
■Niagara Catholic School District turns to e-docs to cut paper and transport costs
■Pacific Northwest National Laboratory proves just how smart a smart grid can be
■Procter & Gamble finds a green alternative to travel in telepresence
■Raytheon reaps green success from sowing sustainability seeds
■U.S. Navy enlists virtualization to supercharge sprawling intranet
■U.S. Postal Service taps optimization software to slash transportation costs

Green IT World

2009-09-15T09:21:00.000-07:00

Green IT World Leo

View more presentations from Leo Zalki.

ENERGY FACTS

2009-07-21T07:18:00.000-07:00

ENERGY FACTS

The renewable energy market is one of the fastest growing energy markets in the world, however, there will have to be a significant shift of global habits to significantly change.

15% of energy produced is used by the residential market

Transport and manufacturing industries account for over two-thirds (68%) of total energy consumption in Australia.

By 2030, worldwide energy demand will be more than 63% greater than it is today, increasing by at least 2% per year.

More than 44% of energy usage growth will come from emerging economies such as China and India

Australia alone spends over $50billion on energy coming from 9.7m energy connections.

US$22trillion of investment is needed by 2030 to fund infrastructure worldwide to accommodate rising energy demands

Soon after 2010, modern renewable technologies will overtake gas to become the second largest source of electricity.

However, approximately 88% of all energy worldwide comes from fossil fuels.

Begin by creating clean energy with the Renewable Air Energies System that can be installed retrospectively or actively into an ducted airflow system.

Green Quotes

2009-06-02T08:45:00.001-07:00

Thank God men cannot fly, and lay waste the sky as well as the earth.
Henry David Thoreau

The sun, the moon and the stars would have disappeared long ago... had they happened to be within the reach of predatory human hands.
Havelock Ellis, The Dance of Life, 1923

There is a sufficiency in the world for man's need but not for man's greed.
Mohandas K. Gandhi

There's so much pollution in the air now that if it weren't for our lungs there'd be no place to put it all.
Robert Orben

It wasn't the Exxon Valdez captain's driving that caused the Alaskan oil spill. It was yours.
Greenpeace advertisement, New York Times, 25 February 1990

Modern technology
Owes ecology
An apology.
Alan M. Eddison

In America today you can murder land for private profit. You can leave the corpse for all to see, and nobody calls the cops.
Paul Brooks, The Pursuit of Wilderness, 1971

Don't blow it - good planets are hard to find.
Quoted in Time magazine

Nature provides a free lunch, but only if we control our appetites.
William Ruckelshaus, Business Week, 18 June 1990

When a man throws an empty cigarette package from an automobile, he is liable to a fine of $50. When a man throws a billboard across a view, he is richly rewarded.
Pat Brown, quoted in David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising, 1985

Because we don't think about future generations, they will never forget us.
Henrik Tikkanen

I'm not an environmentalist. I'm an Earth warrior.
Darryl Cherney, quoted in Smithsonian, April 1990

I think the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defense of our resources is just as important as defense abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?
Robert Redford, Yosemite National Park dedication, 1985

Let us a little permit Nature to take her own way; she better understands her own affairs than we.
Michel de Montaigne, translated

We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732

Your grandchildren will likely find it incredible - or even sinful - that you burned up a gallon of gasoline to fetch a pack of cigarettes!
Paul MacCready, Jr.

We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.
Native American Proverb

There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew.
Marshall McLuhan, 1964

Newspapers: dead trees with information smeared on them.
Horizon, "Electronic Frontier"

They kill good trees to put out bad newspapers.
James G. Watt, quoted in Newsweek, 8 March 1982

I have no doubt that we will be successful in harnessing the sun's energy.... If sunbeams were weapons of war, we would have had solar energy centuries ago.
Sir George Porter, quoted in The Observer, 26 August 1973

The use of solar energy has not been opened up because the oil industry does not own the sun.
Ralph Nader, quoted in Linda Botts, ed., Loose Talk, 1980

We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.
Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac

The earth we abuse and the living things we kill will, in the end, take their revenge; for in exploiting their presence we are diminishing our future.
Marya Mannes, More in Anger, 1958

I am the earth. You are the earth. The Earth is dying. You and I are murderers.
Ymber Delecto

The packaging for a microwavable "microwave" dinner is programmed for a shelf life of maybe six months, a cook time of two minutes and a landfill dead-time of centuries.
David Wann, Buzzworm, November 1990

So bleak is the picture... that the bulldozer and not the atomic bomb may turn out to be the most destructive invention of the 20th century.
Philip Shabecoff, New York Times Magazine, 4 June 1978

Economic advance is not the same thing as human progress.
John Clapham, A Concise Economic History of Britain, 1957

And Man created the plastic bag and the tin and aluminium can and the cellophane wrapper and the paper plate, and this was good because Man could then take his automobile and buy all his food in one place and He could save that which was good to eat in the refrigerator and throw away that which had no further use.
And soon the earth was covered with plastic bags and aluminium cans and paper plates and disposable bottles and there was nowhere to sit down or walk, and Man shook his head and cried: "Look at this Godawful mess."
Art Buchwald, 1970

The problem is no longer that with every pair of hands that comes into the world there comes a hungry stomach. Rather it is that, attached to those hands are sharp elbows.
Paul A. Samuelson, Newsweek, 12 June 1967

Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them.
Bill Vaughn

For 200 years we've been conquering Nature. Now we're beating it to death.
Tom McMillan, quoted in Francesca Lyman, The Greenhouse Trap, 1990

If civilization has risen from the Stone Age, it can rise again from the Wastepaper Age.
Jacques Barzun, The House of Intellect, 1959

I would feel more optimistic about a bright future for man if he spent less time proving that he can outwit Nature and more time tasting her sweetness and respecting her seniority.
Elwyn Brooks White, Essays of E.B. White, 1977

The insufferable arrogance of human beings to think that Nature was made solely for their benefit, as if it was conceivable that the sun had been set afire merely to ripen men's apples and head their cabbages.
Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac, États et empires de la lune, 1656

Such is the audacity of man, that he hath learned to counterfeit Nature, yea, and is so bold as to challenge her in her work.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, translated by Philemon Holland

Oh Beautiful for smoggy skies, insecticided grain, For strip-mined mountain's majesty above the asphalt plain.
America, America, man sheds his waste on thee,

And hides the pines with billboard signs, from sea to oily sea.
George Carlin

A living planet is a much more complex metaphor for deity than just a bigger father with a bigger fist. If an omniscient, all-powerful Dad ignores your prayers, it's taken personally. Hear only silence long enough, and you start wondering about his power. His fairness. His very existence. But if a world mother doesn't reply,
Her excuse is simple. She never claimed conceited omnipotence. She has countless others clinging to her apron strings, including myriad species unable to speak for themselves. To Her elder offspring She says - go raid the fridge. Go play outside. Go get a job. Or, better yet, lend me a hand. I have no time for idle whining.
David Brin

Why do people give each other flowers? To celebrate various important occasions, they're killing living creatures? Why restrict it to plants? "Sweetheart, let's make up. Have this deceased squirrel."
The Washington Post

Till now man has been up against Nature; from now on he will be up against his own nature.
Dennis Gabor, Inventing the Future, 1964

When you defile the pleasant streams
And the wild bird's abiding place,
You massacre a million dreams
And cast your spittle in God's face.
John Drinkwater

A virgin forest is where the hand of man has never set foot.
Author Unknown

When a man says to me, "I have the intensest love of nature," at once I know that he has none.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals, 1857

I conceive that the land belongs to a vast family of which many are dead, few are living, and countless numbers are still unborn.
Author Unknown

When we heal the earth, we heal ourselves.
David Orr

We cannot command Nature except by obeying her.
Francis Bacon

There is nothing in which the birds differ more from man than the way in which they can build and yet leave a landscape as it was before.
Robert Lynd, The Blue Lion and Other Essays

Will urban sprawl spread so far that most people lose all touch with nature? Will the day come when the only bird a typical American child ever sees is a canary in a pet shop window? When the only wild animal he knows is a rat - glimpsed on a night drive through some city slum? When the only tree he touches is the cleverly fabricated plastic evergreen that shades his gifts on Christmas morning?
Frank N. Ikard, North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Houston, March 1968

How long can men thrive between walls of brick, walking on asphalt pavements, breathing the fumes of coal and of oil, growing, working, dying, with hardly a thought of wind, and sky, and fields of grain, seeing only machine-made beauty, the mineral-like quality of life?
Charles A. Lindbergh, Reader's Digest, November 1939

It is imperative to maintain portions of the wilderness untouched so that a tree will rot where it falls, a waterfall will pour its curve without generating electricity, a trumpeter swan may float on uncontaminated water - and moderns may at least see what their ancestors knew in their nerves and blood.
Bernand De Voto, Fortune, June 1947

Take care of the earth and she will take care of you.
Author Unknown

We could have saved the Earth but we were too damned cheap.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

Something will have gone out of us as a people if we ever let the remaining
wilderness be destroyed; if we permit the last virgin forests to be turned into comic books and plastic cigarette cases; if we drive the few remaining members of the wild species into zoos or to extinction; if we pollute the last clear air and dirty the last clean streams and push our paved roads through the last of the silence, so that never again will Americans be free in their own country from the noise, the exhausts, the stinks of human and automotive waste.
Wallace Stegner, letter to David E. Pesonen of the Wildland Research Center, 3 December 1960

Waste not the smallest thing created, for grains of sand make mountains, and atomies infinity.
E. Knight

Opie, you haven't finished your milk. We can't put it back in the cow, you know.
Aunt Bee Taylor, The Andy Griffith Show

The activist is not the man who says the river is dirty. The activist is the man who cleans up the river.
Ross Perot

Civilization... wrecks the planet from seafloor to stratosphere.
Richard Bach

It is horrifying that we have to fight our own government to save the environment.
Ansel Adams

We say we love flowers, yet we pluck them. We say we love trees, yet we cut them down. And people still wonder why some are afraid when told they are loved.
Author Unknown

Take nothing but pictures.
Leave nothing but footprints.
Kill nothing but time.
Motto of the Baltimore Grotto, a caving society
Why should man expect his prayer for mercy to be heard by What is above him when he shows no mercy to
what is under him?
Pierre Troubetzkoy

For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled.
Richard P. Feynman

Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web,we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect.
Chief Seattle, 1855

When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.
John Muir

You forget that the fruits belong to all and that the land belongs to no one.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes, 1755

Understanding the laws of nature does not mean that we are immune to their operations.
David Gerrold

Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. He will end by destroying the earth.
Albert Schweitzer, quoted in James Brabazon, Albert Schweitzer

The mother of the year should be a sterilized woman with two adopted children.
Paul R. Ehrlich

Man is a blind, witless, low brow, anthropocentric clod who inflicts lesions upon the earth.
Ian McHarg

Man must feel the earth to know himself and recognize his values... God made life simple. It is man who complicates it.
Charles A. Lindbergh, Reader's Digest, July 1972

The control man has secured over nature has far outrun his control over himself.
Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, 1953

The old Lakota was wise. He knew that man's heart away from nature becomes hard; he knew that lack of respect for growing, living things soon led to lack of respect for humans too.
Chief Luther Standing Bear

The magnificence of mountains, the serenity of nature - nothing is safe from the idiot marks of man's passing.
Loudon Wainwright

Every day is Earth Day.
Author Unknown

Remember when atmospheric contaminants were romantically called stardust?
Lane Olinghouse

Nature's laws affirm instead of prohibit. If you violate her laws you are your own prosecuting attorney,judge, jury, and hangman.
Luther Burbank

Dig a trench through a landfill and you will see layers of phone books like geographical strata or layers of cake.... During a recent landfill dig in Phoenix, I found newspapers dating from 1952 that looked so fresh you might read one over breakfast.
William Rathje, The Economist, 8 September 1990

Environmentalists have long been fond of saying that the sun is the only safe nuclear reactor, situated as it is some ninety-three million miles away.
Stephanie Mills, ed., In Praise of Nature, 1990 How can the spirit of the earth like the white man?... Everywhere the white man has touched it, it is sore.
Anonymous

Our environmental problems originate in the hubris of imagining ourselves as the central nervous system or the brain of nature. We're not the brain, we are a cancer on nature.
Dave Foreman, Harper's, April 1990

The universe is not required to be in perfect harmony with human ambition.
Carl Sagan

The gross heathenism of civilization has generally destroyed nature, and poetry, and all that is spiritual.
John Muir, letter to J.B. McChesney, 19 September 1871

Every creature is better alive than dead, men and moose and pine trees, and he who understands it aright will rather preserve its life than destroy it.
Henry David Thoreau, "Chesuncook," The Maine Woods, 1848

Man maketh a death which Nature never made.
Edward Young

It is a curious situation that the sea, from which life first arose, should now be threatened by the activities of one form of that life.
Rachel Carson

God forbid that India should ever take to industrialism after the manner of the west... keeping the world in chains. If [our nation] took to similar economic exploitation, it would strip the world bare like locusts.
Mahatma Gandhi

It is the safest of times, it is the riskiest of times.... What the Dickens is going on here?
Denton Morrison, on chemicals, technology, and risk, quoted in National Academy of Sciences, Improving
Risk Communication, 1989

Man is a complex being: he makes deserts bloom - and lakes die.
Gil Stern

Human consciousness arose but a minute before midnight on the geological clock. Yet we mayflies try to bend an ancient world to our purposes, ignorant perhaps of the messages buried in its long history. Let us hope that we are still in the early morning of our April day.
Stephen Jay Gould, "Our Allotted Lifetimes," The Panda's Thumb, 1980

Humanity is on the march, earth itself is left behind.
David Ehrenfeld, The Arrogance of Humanism, 1978

The American reading his Sunday paper in a state of lazy collapse is perhaps the most perfect symbol of the triumph of quantity over quality.... Whole forests are being ground into pulp daily to minister to our triviality.
Irving Babbitt

Drive Nature forth by force, she'll turn and rout
The false refinements that would keep her out.
Horace, Odes

Nature always strikes back. It takes all the running we can do to remain in the same place.
Rene Dubos, Medical Utopias, 1961

In its broadest ecological context, economic development is the development of more intensive ways of exploiting the natural environment.
Richard Wilkinson

Ironically, rural America has become viewed by a growing number of Americans as having a higher [quality of life] not because of what it has, but rather because of what it does not have!
Don A. Dillman, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, January 1977

We have been god-like in the planned breeding of our domesticated plants, but rabbit-like in the unplanned breeding of ourselves.
Arnold Toynbee

Human destiny is bound to remain a gamble, because at some unpredictable time and in some unforeseeable manner nature will strike back.
Rene Dubos, Mirage of Health, 1959

Time and space - time to be alone, space to move about - these may well become the great scarcities of tomorrow.
Edwin Way Teale, Autumn Across America, 1956

Waste is a tax on the whole people.
Albert W. Atwood

It appears to be a law that you cannot have a deep sympathy with both man and nature.
Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854

The rose has thorns only for those who would gather it.
Chinese Proverb

Soon silence will have passed into legend. Man has turned his back on silence. Day after day he invents machines and devices that increase noise and distract humanity from the essence of life, contemplation,meditation... tooting, howling, screeching, booming, crashing, whistling, grinding, and trilling bolster his ego. His anxiety subsides. His inhuman void spreads monstrously like a gray vegetation.
Jean Arp

We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive.
Albert Einstein

Man has been endowed with reason, with the power to create, so that he can add to what he's been given.But up to now he hasn't been a creator, only a destroyer. Forests keep disappearing, rivers dry up, wild life's become extinct, the climate's ruined and the land grows poorer and uglier every day.
Anton Chekhov, Uncle Vanya, 1897

A human being is part of the whole, called by us "Universe," a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest - a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by
widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole [of] nature in its beauty.
Albert Einstein, 1950

A margin of life is developed by Nature for all living things - including man. All life forms obey Nature's demands - except man, who has found ways of ignoring them.
Eugene M. Poirot, Our Margin of Life, 1978

When you use a manual push mower, you're "cutting" down on pollution and the only thing in danger of running out of gas is you!
Grey Livingston

After a visit to the beach, it's hard to believe that we live in a material world.
Pam Shaw

As we watch the sun go down, evening after evening, through the smog across the poisoned waters of our native earth, we must ask ourselves seriously whether we really wish some future universal historian on another planet to say about us: "With all their genius and with all their skill, they ran out of foresight and
air and food and water and ideas," or, "They went on playing politics until their world collapsed around them."
U Thant, speech, 1970

The command "Be fruitful and multiply" was promulgated, according to our authorities, when the population of the world consisted of two people.
William Ralph Inge, More Lay Thoughts of a Dean, 1931

Christianity, with its roots in Judaism, was a major factor in the development of the Western worldview.... A basic Christian belief was that God gave humans dominion over creation, with the freedom to use the environment as they saw fit. Another important Judeo-Christian belief predicted that God would bring a cataclysmic end to the Earth sometime in the future. One interpretation of this belief is that the Earth is only a temporary way station on the soul's journey to the afterlife. Because these beliefs tended to devalue the natural world, they fostered attitudes and behaviors that had a negative effect on the environment.
Donald G. Kaufman and Cecilia M. Franz, Biosphere 2000: Protecting Our Global Environment, 1996

For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death.
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962 I realized that Eastern thought had somewhat more compassion for all living things. Man was a form of life that in another reincarnation might possibly be a horsefly or a bird of paradise or a deer. So a man of such a faith, looking at animals, might be looking at old friends or ancestors. In the East the wilderness has no evil connotation; it is thought of as an expression of the unity and harmony of the universe.
William O. Douglas, Go East, Young Man, 1974

If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos.
Edward O. Wilson

Malthus has been buried many times, and Malthusian scarcity with him. But as Garrett Hardin remarked, anyone who has to be reburied so often cannot be entirely dead.
Herman E. Daly, Steady-State Economics, 1977

The human race will be the cancer of the planet.
Julian Huxley, attributed

Man will survive as a species for one reason: He can adapt to the destructive effects of our powerintoxicated technology and of our ungoverned population growth, to the dirt, pollution and noise of a New York or Tokyo. And that is the tragedy. It is not man the ecological crisis threatens to destroy but the quality of human life.
René Dubos, quoted in Life, 28 July 1970

One of the first laws against air pollution came in 1300 when King Edward I decreed the death penalty for burning of coal. At least one execution for that offense is recorded. But economics triumphed over health considerations, and air pollution became an appalling problem in England.
Glenn T. Seaborg, Atomic Energy Commission chairman, speech, Argonne National Laboratory, 1969

Our children may save us if they are taught to care properly for the planet; but if not, it may be back to the Ice Age or the caves from where we first emerged. Then we'll have to view the universe above from a cold, dark place. No more jet skis, nuclear weapons, plastic crap, broken pay phones, drugs, cars, waffle irons, or
television. Come to think of it, that might not be a bad idea.
Jimmy Buffet, Mother Earth News, March-April 1990

Racial injustice, war, urban blight, and environmental rape have a common denominator in our exploitative economic system.
Channing E. Phillips, speech, Washington, D.C., 22 April 1970

The days a man spends fishing or spends hunting should not be deducted from the time that he's on earth.
In other words, if I fish today, that should be added to the amount of time I get to live. That's the way I look at recreation. That's why I'll be a big conservation, environmental President, because I plan to fish and hunt as much as I possibly can.
George Bush, quoted in Los Angeles Times, 30 December 1988 The desire to build a risk-free society has always been a sign of decadence. It has meant that the nation has given up, that it no longer believes in its destiny, that it has ceased to aspire to greatness, and has retired from history to pet itself.
Henry Fairlie, quoted in Conservation Foundation Letter, November 1981

The exquisite sight, sound, and smell of wilderness is many times more powerful if it is earned through physical achievement, if it comes at the end of a long and fatiguing trip for which vigorous good health is necessary. Practically speaking, this means that no one should be able to enter a wilderness by mechanical
means.
Garrett Hardin, The Ecologist, February 1974

The struggle to save the global environment is in one way much more difficult than the struggle to vanquish Hitler, for this time the war is with ourselves. We are the enemy, just as we have only ourselves as allies.
Al Gore

Give a man a fish, and he can eat for a day. But teach a man how to fish, and he'll be dead of mercury poisoning inside of three years.
Charles Haas

You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of your grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children what we have taught our children, that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls
the sons of the earth. If men spit upon the ground, they spit upon themselves.
Native American Wisdom

The system of nature, of which man is a part, tends to be self-balancing, self-adjusting, self-cleansing. Not so with technology.
E.F. Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, 1973

The tourist business is a trap, it is a tained honey; Man clearly should have stayed in bed, and not invented money.
Kenneth E. Boulding, "The Ballad of Ecological Awareness," in M. Taghi Farvar and John P. Milton, eds., The Careless Technology, 1972

There is hope if people will begin to awaken that spiritual part of themselves, that heartfelt knowledge that we are caretakers of this planet.
Brooke Medicine Eagle

This is a beautiful planet and not at all fragile. Earth can withstand significant volcanic eruptions, tectonic cataclysms, and ice ages. But this canny, intelligent, prolific, and extremely self-centered human creature had proven himself capable of more destruction of life than Mother Nature herself.... We've got to be stopped.
Michael L. Fischer, Harper's, July 1990

When the soil disappears, the soul disappears.
Ymber Delecto

Those who wish to pet and baby wild animals "love" them. But those who respect their natures and wish to let them live normal lives, love them more.
Edwin Way Teale, Circle of the Seasons, 1953

To live a pure unselfish life, one must count nothing as one's own in the midst of abundance.
Buddha

To waste, to destroy our natural resources, to skin and exhaust the land instead of using it so as to increase its usefulness, will result in undermining in the days of our children the very prosperity which we ought by right to hand down to them amplified and developed.
Theodore Roosevelt, seventh annual message, 3 December 1907

Today's world is one in which the age-old risks of humankind - the drought, floods, communicable diseases - are less of a problem than ever before. They have been replaced by risks of humanity's own making - the unintended side-effects of beneficial technologies and the intended effects of the technologies of war.
Society must hope that the world's ability to assess and manage risks will keep pace with its ability to create them.
J. Clarence Davies, quoted in Conservation Foundation, State of the Environment: An Assessment at Mid- Decade, 1984

U.S. consumers and industry dispose of enough aluminium to rebuild the commercial air fleet every three months; enough iron and steel to continuously supply all automakers; enough glass to fill New York's World Trade Center every two weeks.
Environmental Defense Fund advertisement, Christian Science Monitor, 1990

Water flows uphill towards money.
Anonymous, saying in the American West, quoted by Ivan Doig in Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert, 1986

Living in the midst of abundance we have the greatest difficulty in seeing that the supply of natural wealth is limited and that the constant increase of population is destined to reduce the American standard of living unless we deal more sanely with our resources.
W.H. Carothers

We have always had reluctance to see a tract of land which is empty of men as anything but a void. The "waste howling wilderness" of Deuteronomy is typical. The Oxford Dictionary defines wilderness as wild or uncultivated land which is occupied "only" by wild animals. Places not used by us are "wastes." Areas not
occupied by us are "desolate." Could the desolation be in the soul of man?
John A. Livingston, in Borden Spears, ed., Wilderness Canada, 1970

We must not be forced to explore the universe in search of a new home because we have made the Earth inhospitable, even uninhabitable. For if we do not solve the environmental and related social problems that beset us on Earth - pollution, toxic contamination, resource depletion, prejudice, poverty, hunger - those problems will surely accompany us to other worlds.
Donald G. Kaufman and Cecilia M. Franz, Biosphere 2000: Protecting Our Global Environment, 1996

Our modern industrial economy takes a mountain covered with trees, lakes, running streams andtransforms it into a mountain of junk, garbage, slime pits, and debris.
Edward Abbey

We shall continue to have a worsening ecologic crisis until we reject the Christian axiom that nature has no reason for existence save to serve man.
Lynn White, Jr., "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis," 1967

The victory of Christianity over paganism was the greatest psychic revolution in the history of our culture. By destroying pagan animism, Christianity made it possible to exploit nature in a mood of indifference to the feelings of natural objects.
Lynn I. White, Jr., Science, 10 March 1967

The word "wilderness" occurs approximately three hundred times in the Bible, and all its meanings are derogatory.
René Dubos, The Wooing of Earth, 1980

We're finally going to get the bill for the Industrial Age. If the projections are right, it's going to be a big one: the ecological collapse of the planet.
Jeremy Rifkin, World Press Review, 30 December 1989

Western society has accepted as unquestionable a technological imperative that is quite as arbitrary as the most primitive taboo: not merely the duty to foster invention and constantly to create technological novelties, but equally the duty to surrender to these novelties unconditionally, just because they are offered, without respect to their human consequences.
Lewis Mumford

When a man wantonly destroys one of the works of man we call him a vandal. When he destroys one of the works of god we call him a sportsman.
Joseph Wood Krutch

When some high-sounding institute states that a compound is harmless or a process free of risk, it is wise to know whence the institute or the scientists who work there obtain their financial support.
Lancet, editorial on the "medical-industrial complex," 1973

When we Indians kill meat, we eat it all up.... When we build houses, we make little holes. When we burn grass for grasshoppers, we don't ruin things. We shake down acorns and pinenuts. We don't chop down the trees.

Wintu Indian, quoted in Julian Burger, The Gaia Atlas of First Peoples, 1990
We have to shift our emphasis from economic efficiency and materialism towards a sustainable quality of life and to healing of our society, of our people and our ecological systems.
Janet Holmes à Court

With laissez-faire and price atomic,
Ecology's Uneconomic,

But with another kind of logic
Economy's Unecologic.

Kenneth E. Boulding, in Frank F. Darling and John P. Milton, eds., Future Environments of North America,1966

You go into a community and they will vote 80 percent to 20 percent in favor of a tougher Clean Air Act, but if you ask them to devote 20 minutes a year to having their car emissions inspected, they will vote 80 to 20 against it. We are a long way in this country from taking individual responsibility for the environmental
problem.
William D. Ruckelshaus, former EPA administrator, New York Times, 30 November 1988

Zoos are becoming facsimiles - or perhaps caricatures - of how animals once were in their natural habitat. If the right policies toward nature were pursued, we would need no zoos at all.
Michael Fox, Sierra, November-December 1990

Loyd: "It has to do with keeping things in balance. It's like the spirits have made a deal with us. We're on our own. The spirits have been good enough to let us live here and use the utilities, and we're saying: We know how nice you're being. We appreciate the rain, we appreciate the sun, we appreciate the deer we took. Sorry if we messed up anything. You've gone to a lot of trouble, and we'll try to be good guests."
Codi: "Like a note you'd send somebody after you'd stayed in their house?"
Loyd: "Exactly like that. 'Thanks for letting me sleep on your couch. I took some beer out of the refrigerator, and I broke a coffee cup. Sorry, I hope it wasn't your favorite one.'"
Barbara Kingsolver, Animal Dreams

To people who think of themselves as God's houseguests, American enterprise must seem arrogant beyond belief. Or stupid. A nation of amnesiacs, proceeding as if there were no other day but today. Assuming the land could also forget what had been done to it.
Barbara Kingsolver, Animal Dreams

In an underdeveloped country, don't drink the water; in a developed country, don't breathe the air.
Changing Times magazine

Climate Change

2009-03-09T08:19:00.000-07:00

A Quick look at what exactly Climate Change is and how its affecting our planet.

Award Winning Animation on Global Warming

2009-03-09T07:47:00.001-07:00

Global Warming

2009-03-09T07:36:00.001-07:00

Traditional 2D animation - hand drawn frame by frame animation - color pencils used

Global Warming

2009-03-09T07:36:00.000-07:00

Global Warming Music Video I made. Video clips from BBC Motion Music by Vanessa Mae (From Vivaldi) Facts and info from Nature Magazine, National Geographic, Defenders of Wildlife, World Wildlife Fund.

Assam village goes green, sets record

2009-03-06T11:22:00.000-08:00

Green IT - Corporate Social Responsibility

2009-03-06T11:13:00.001-08:00

Let's Go Green: Flash Animation PSA

2009-03-06T11:04:00.001-08:00

Eco Campaigning

2009-03-05T09:00:00.000-08:00

Eco Campaigning

Many voters may enter the polling booth with a real desire to vote ‘for the environment’ but hardly, none of the political parties are emphasizing on it. For this election we can have a promising sign by implementing ‘green election’. “Eco campaigning” can enlighten the entire background of the election. Greens the forward-thinking and creative solution which is mandatory to meet the widely-acknowledged current crisis. Currently On the global stage, Nicholas Stern and Al Gore have captured the popularity.

Main Aim

The main aim of having a Eco campaigning in India is to provide environmental awareness and furthering conservation efforts in India. The party provides environmental education resources, and also uses legal avenues and political pressure tactics such as lobbying to achieve their aims. This aspect can motivate on climate change and sustainability practically. The Indian Green Election campaign due to focus on environment and climate change can enhance the public for voting. The Indian media already has featured a field day with ‘green’.

Green Movement

The modern green movement started in Canada and around the world in the 1960s . Four decades later, the 60s values of peace, love and understanding have become the founding Green Party values of non-violence, social justice and ecological thinking. Green movement emerged as an enterprise in areas like health food stores, women's and environmental groups, renewable energy programs and organic farms. Due to which it had structure and an economic base. Building within rather than outside communities, green groups worked to shed their reputations as transient, unessential enterprises. Now, Green Movement has continued in more than 100 countries globally.

India Election 2009

An election is a decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office.The 15th Lok Sabha Election of India is scheduled to be held by the month of May 2009. The maximum strength of Lok Sabha or the lower house of the Indian Parliament is 552, comprising 550 members who represent the States, up to 20 members who stand for the Union Territories and not more than 2 members from the Anglo-Indian Community who are nominated by the President.

The India Election 2009 will be contested on new constituency boundaries for the first time in over 30 years and the change was implemented on the findings of the Delimitation Commission.

India in lines of Eco campaigning

India is a developing economy which also a major polluter next to USA, China and Russia. India being ratified the Kyoto protocol has taken up the pledge to fulfill its commitment of reducing green house gas emissions. Being a developing country, there are various means in which the pollution takes place, such as industrial, infrastructural, agricultural, landfills, transportation, deforestation etc.

Global warming has been a major threat to the country. Every Individual is getting more and more awareness on climate change and pollution aspects. So far no political party has ever taken any proper initiative in this regard. Many of the industries, NGOs and some individuals are trying to get attention on this issue.

Mars Vapours is initiating awareness in the election front in the form of Eco campaigning. If a candidate or few candidates of any party focuses on Eco campaigning, it will not only touch the vote bank but also adds to the national & international attention on global warming. This will help the candidate not only to be a role model in campaigning but additionally work towards a cause in lines of healthier environment for every citizens of the country. An innovative method in lines of campaigning will be a win -win situation for not only the common man but also to the candidates.

Normal Way of Election Campaign

Election Commission has declared its 15th election for the Parliament of India around the month of April – May 2009 and the total constituency of the country is 550, with a total population of 110 million . A normal election campaigning posses enormous threat to environment and mankind by means of pollution. Here below are the consequences that arise ; .

Usage of huge volumes in plastics, clothes and papers for their promotional activities.
Traveling of candidates and party workers by air, rail and widely by road thought India.
Lack of waste management of consumables during the party public meetings and gatherings.
Noise pollution through processions, crackers, mikes and sound systems.
Waste of Water, wastage of bottles containing beverages, felling of trees for pendulums and artificial wooden structures.
Intense burning of fuel in all mode of operations.
Any campaigning materials used during and after the election process remains as a waste and is not treated in a proper method.

Eco Campaigning –A Unique Approach to Indian Election - 2009.

Since Indian Election has been declared for 2009, the Mars Vapours team has been working on Eco Campaigning front with a unique approach as part of corporate social responsibility . Observing the election scenario in the past, Mars Vapours has analysised that there is huge scope for “ECO CAMPAIGNING”.

Innovative means of “ECO CAMPAIGNING” :

Recycle paper
Recycle plastics
Recycle cloths
E campaigning
Smart travel by Air and Rail
Green Conferencing
Cycle campaigning
Use of Battery Operated vehicle
Use of Bio Diesel
Car Pool
Noise control
Waste Management – All the aspects
Systematic Dumping

Rally – Eco Campaigning

To create awareness about Eco Campaigning, Mars Vapours wants to initiate a rally in Mangalore with a national personality who could enlighten the party, candidates and voters in terms of coming election. Participants of the rally will be people from all walks of life. As media will be covering this entire event it becomes a platform to continue the Eco Campaigning in other cities of India as well.

Advantages of Eco Campaigning

Various advantages identified by Mars Vapours in lines of Eco campaigning, which will reduce enormous amount of carbon emission at the national level:

“Focus on environment can awaken the non voters to vote for a cause”.
A unique change can be highlighted in the lines of election in a better way.
Eco campaigning reduces huge pollution and treats waste into systematic ways.
It creates awareness within any parties, in the lines of environmental issues.
Media can not only highlight but also show case practical implementation of Eco Campaigning.
Publicity created by the media on Eco Campaigning can be a new era on the Indian political scenario.
Other then the usual campaigning the additional on features of eco campaigning is a feather to the cap for a better cause.
This can get the attention of international organizations to downpour their recourse into India which will put the country on growth path of huge success.

Conclusion

By creating an initiative the focus is on changing the mindset of the citizens towards a healthier environment. This also can motivate other entities to come forward and act in similar lines to save our planet earth.

Climate Connections [STATE OF THE WORLD 2009]

2009-03-03T10:23:00.000-08:00

In 2009, the eyes of the world will be on China, India, and the United States. The threat of climate change is now so great, and dealing with it effectively is so central to the future of national economies, that new scripts are being called for. The role of the United States as the world’s single largest polluter in per capita terms remains pivotal.

But China and India are now assuming an importance they did not have in 1997, when the world came together in Kyoto to do a deal on climate change. This is a moment of decision for India.
How can a country with one sixth of the global population, and more billionaires than Japan, not play a leadership role on the climate agenda? As the world’s third largest economy (in purchasing power parity terms), and the fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs), India’s positive engagement will be crucial to constructing a “global deal” on climate at Copenhagen, the next pivotal meeting of governments that are party to the Framework Convention on Climate Change.1

For India, the stakes are too high to continue with politics as usual. Many studies have underscored the nation’s vulnerability to climate change. The impacts are already being seen in unprecedented heat waves, floods, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. With its long coastline, India is experiencing sea surges and salinization, affecting infrastructure, agriculture, fisheries, livelihoods, and human health. Food security is being compromised through reduced crop yields, and water security is under threat everywhere with declining water tables, conflicts
over rivers and basins, and the prospect of severely diminished freshwater resources due to glacier retreat in the Himalayas.2

The government claims it is already spending over 2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) on measures to adapt to the impacts of the changing climate. The Carbon Disclosure Project estimates that climate change could result in a loss of 9–13 percent in the country’s GDP in real terms by 2100.3

Given India’s deeply stratified society, the hardest hit will be the poor and the marginalized.
India is home to one third of the world’s poor and a still growing, predominantly youthful population. By 2045 India will have overtaken China as the most populous nation, with an estimated population of 1.501 billion compared with China’s 1.496 billion.4

Although India has not been an emitter historically, the past is no predictor of the future. As the economy grows and consumption patterns change, there is little doubt that emissions will rise and the country’scarbon footprint will increase dramatically. The International Energy Agency projects that India will become the third-largest emitter by 2015, precisely when global GHG emissions need to peak if the world is to avoid the severest impacts of climate change.5

India’s problem is its energy economy. The country has an extremely high dependence on fossil fuels—in particular on imported oil and dirty coal, which it has in abundance. Fossils fuels are responsible for 83 percent of India’s carbon dioxide emissions; coal alone accounts for 51 percent. Addressing climate change effectively therefore will require a transformation of India’s energy economy.6

The government’s rhetoric on this topic remains tinged with fear. While it recognizes that “global warming will affect us seriously,” the government concludes that “the process of adaptation to climate change must have priority” and that “the most important adaptation measure is development itself.”On mitigation, the government is unequivocal: “With a share of just 4 percent of global emissions, any amount of mitigation by India will not affect climate change.” Instead the government calls for action by industrial countries and a burdensharing formula based on historical culpability, common but differentiated responsibilities, differences in respective capabilities, and the per capita emissions principle. The Prime Minister has pledged, however, that India’s per capita emissions (presently 1.2 tons annually) will never exceed those of industrial countries.7

Yet if the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s figures are to be believed, India will experience “the greatest increase in energy and greenhouse gas emissions in the world if it sustains eight percent annual economic growth or more as its primary energy demand will then multiply at least three to four times its present levels.” A change of direction therefore is very much needed.8

The government has recognized that business as usual is no longer tenable. For example, the Eleventh Five Year Plan(2007–12) commits the country to reducing energy intensity per unit of GHG by 20 percent in the period 2007 to 2017. Further, it seeks to boost access to cleaner and renewable energy by “exploiting existing resources (e.g., hydropower and wind power), developing nuclear power, and also supporting research in newer areas such as biofuels from agro-waste, solar energy, etc.”9

In June 2008, the Prime Minister released the much-anticipated National Action Plan on Climate Change. It focuses on eight areas intended to deliver maximum benefits forclimate change mitigation and adaptation inthe broader context of promoting sustainable development: solar energy, energy efficiency,sustainable habitat, water, sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem, green India, sustainable agriculture, and sustainable knowledge for climate change.10

The plan was launched with much fanfare, but the detailed action plans for each area are yet to be worked out, and the document contains virtually no targets or timetables. The Climate Challenge India coalition concluded that while the Action Plan is a more coherent approach to sustainable development across government departments, it is not a new agenda based on ensuring climate security or a strategy for a low-carbon pathway for India. The group gave
the report a B+ for effort and a D for vision.11

Although the Action Plan may have been a missed opportunity for leadership by the government, it did contain some innovations such as a domestic cap-and-trade system as
an incentive for emissions reductions in nine energy-intensive sectors. It also stands full-square behind market tools such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which the government has used as a lever to accelerate take-up of clean technology by Indian firms and to encourage participation in the global $30-billion carbon market.India now accounts for more than one third
of all CDM projects registered worldwide.12

The government can claim some credit for a few achievements that provide a good foundation for further improvements. For example, India was the first country to establish a ministry for non-conventional energy sources and has the world’s fourth largest installed wind power capacity. Since 2004, India has managed to decouple economic growth from energy use, with the economy growing annually at a rate of over 9 percent but energy growing at less than 4 percent.
The country has had an energy labeling program for appliances since 2006, with almost all fluorescent tube lights and about two thirds of refrigerators and air conditioners now covered by the scheme.13

Yet it will take more than a smattering of good examples to make the changes needed. Instead of following the example of industrial countries, India needs to opt forsmart, low-carbon growth and make sustainability the organizing principle of its economy and modernization agenda. For a
country with an advanced nuclear program and space exploration ambitions, leapfrogging
from a high-carbon to a low-carbon energy economy is timely and possible. The good news is that change is coming. And India’s business community appears to be setting the pace. Dismayed at the lack of government leadership, many people in the business community are beginning to tackle climate change head-on as a business issue. In a recent survey of Indian business
leaders, 83 percent of those questioned said they had a fair to good understanding of climate
change, 65 percent said that India should be leading the way, and almost half said that climate change is a crucial and urgent issue that should be near the top of India Inc.’s agenda.14

Many Indian businesses are beginning to look to the future and invest in clean energy, energy conservation and efficiency, smart buildings, and green products. They realize the market is changing and the time to act is now. Industrialist Anand Mahindra relishes his “eco-warrior” tag, for instance, and views climate change as an emerging consumer and competitiveness issue. He wants his group to be at the forefront of addressing it and is redesigning his automotive portfolio
accordingly.15

ITC’s headquarters in Gurgaon is LEED Platinum-rated by the U.S. Green Building Council. Infosys, another sector leader, has embraced carbon neutrality, and Bangalore’s Reva car is now the world’s biggest selling electric vehicle. Cleantech and renewable energy investments are soaring in India, and the domestic wind power giant Suzlon is now the largest in Asia and fifth largest globally. Solar energy is undergoing a renaissance, with companies such as Tata BT Solar betting on it meeting the majority of India’s energy needs by 2100.16 These examples show that India Inc. is prepared to move and doing so voluntarily in many respects. None of this should
surprise anyone familiar with the country’s deep-rooted enterprise culture. Where there
is a market opportunity, Indian business will find it. With a supportive policy environment—
in particular, a carbon tax to level the playing field—fiscal incentives, improved infrastructure, and clear standards and guidance, Indian business can do much more. What is needed is a strategic partnership between government and the private sector for a low-carbon development path. Establishing low-carbon innovation zones to incubate and promote such initiatives, as is
being piloted in China, could be one imaginative way forward.17

Cities and municipalities are also tackling energy and environmental challenges, particularly in transportation—India’s fastest-growing user of energy. Bangalore is leading the way with a
state-of-the-art low-emissions mass transit system, and Delhi is subsidizing the purchase of Reva electric cars. A new breed of eco developer is focusing on housing, seeking to capitalize on a projected $4-billion market for green buildings by 2012 and pushing existing building codes on energy efficiency.18

Civil society groups are mobilizing, and initiatives such as Climate Challenge India are leading the way with new thinking and optimism. India’s “generation next” is coming together in networks such as the Indian Youth Climate Network. Media leadership is emerging, with national papers and magazines dedicating themselves to climate coverage. Madhya Pradesh, one of India’s
largest states, has broken new ground by establishing a committee on climate change. So all across India there is a palpable sense that the country has awoken and is on the move on climate change.19

These are small beginnings, but they represent a huge opportunity. The year 2009 is very different from those before it. With elections in both India and the United States, and with domestic electorates more alive to the need for action and leadership, it is a game-changing moment. Both India and the United States need a new narrative that looks forward, not backward. One where the politics of blame is replaced by the recognition of a shared dilemma and the value of collective action. The shaky global economy provides a stark backdrop to why cooperation in an interdependent world is the only way forward. To succeed, climate change must be reframed as an agenda of hope, growth, innovation, and opportunity. It must be used to mobilize a new sense of national purpose and imbue people with optimism. India has a billion
good reasons for leadership on climate change. Addressing this could be the best way for the country to secure prosperity and development. If India truly aspires to greatness, no other issue is more timely or compelling.

About the Writer
Malini Mehra is founder and CEO of the Centre for Social Markets, based in London and Kolkata.

NASA climate scientist propose Carbon Tax

2009-02-27T10:12:00.000-08:00

Dr. James E. Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and one of the world’s most eminent climate scientists and his wife, propose a three-pronged approach to tackling the climate crisis.

First, they call for a moratorium on all new coal-fired power plants that do not effectively capture carbon dioxide emissions (a technology that has yet to be proven reliable). Burning coal, they point out, releases more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than all other fossil fuels combined. Phasing out coal, they say, “is the sine qua non for solving the climate problem.”

They predict that the continued construction of coal plants would raise atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to the point at which one million species would be driven to extinction, which roughly works out to 400 species per plant. “Coal plants,” they write “are factories of death.”

Second, they call for a straightforward, revenue-neutral carbon tax, as opposed to cap-and-trade mechanisms. The tax would apply to all oil, gas, and coal at the well-head or at the point of entry, so that it would affect all goods that rely on fossil fuels. A person reducing his carbon footprint more than average makes money. A person with large cars and a big house will pay a tax much higher than the dividend. Not one cent goes to Washington.

A carbon tax is something of a hard sell in today’s political climate. Obama prefers a cap-and-trade plan as did his rival, John McCain, along with much of the political establishment. And the ball is already rolling on cap-and-trade: On Jan. 1. the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a carbon-trading plan with mandatory emissions caps, went into effect for 10 northeastern states.

Third, they propose greatly increasing R&D for so-called fourth-generation nuclear power technology, which is designed to improve safety and greatly minimize nuclear waste.

Most scientists believe that such technology will not be commercially available until 2030, but the Hansens say that stepped-up government support could make it a reality sooner.

Full article: http://features.csmonitor.com/environment/2009/01/05/nasa-climate-scientist-pens-personal-appeal-to-obama/

Kyoto Protocol

2009-02-27T08:27:00.001-08:00

Kyoto Protocol

The concept of carbon credit came into existence in order to increase the awareness of the need to control emissions of six GHG gases across the globe. The mechanism was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol, which took place in Kyoto, Japan in 1997, was finally rolled into motion from February 2005.

The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally binding commitments for the reduction of four GHG—carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride—and two groups of gases—hydrofluoro-carbons and perfluorocarbons, which are produced by Annex I (industrialized) nations, as well as general commitments for all member countries.

Under Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries agreed to reduce their collective GHG emissions by six percent compared to 1990. As of October 2008, 180 states have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), aimed at combatting global warming.

Carbon credit and CDM

2009-02-27T08:24:00.000-08:00

As a part of the Kyoto Protocol, the Annex I countries agreed that their companies could reduce carbon emission either by adopting various new technologies, or by helping the companies in developing countries to emit less and in turn, be credited for the amount of carbon that has been saved.

Kyoto Protocol established three mechanisms to supplement national actions to achieve long-term and cost effective GHG reductions called International Emission Trading (IET), Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

While IET and JI are followed among the Annex I countries, CDM is the one involving both Annex I and non-Annex I countries, like India and China.

The companies in Annex I countries which were unsuccessful in achieving their carbon emission targets could tie-up with a company in a developing nation to help them in setting up eco-friendly technologies and in turn gaining credits for their own country. This could be achieved only if the project in the developing country is found to be a CDM and that is cleared by the UNFCCC.